Normal menstrual bleeding occurs during reproductive years. Menstrual cycle ranges from 2  – 7 / 28 +  7  days Mid discomfort or pain may occur during normal menstruation.

 Many women experience abnormal vaginal bleeding . This may my be spotting in between the periods , spotting befor start of periods. The abnormality of  menstruation be in duration of peroids Bleding or it may the length of the cycle . The periods may be heavy . When you are not expecting your menstrual period. So  menstrual cycle is not normal

• When your menstrual flow is lighter or heavier than what is normal for you.
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding , it occurs when it not expected .
• It is also abnormal to have bleeding before the age of menarche, after the menopause and during pregnancy.

Causes of abnormal bleeding

Abnormal vaginal bleeding has many possible causes.

Because bleeding can be due to problem with pregnancy, possible pregnancy should always be considered in a woman of childbearing age.

• Any bleeding during pregnancy needs to be evaluated by the doctor. In early pregnancy It may be due to threatened abortion , incomplete abortion , missed abortion or Ectopic pregnancy. After three months of pregnancy the vaginal bleeding are mostly  due to  placenta related problems.
• Ovulation can cause mid-cycle bleeding.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormone imbalance that interferes with normal ovulation which can cause abnormal bleeding.
• An intrauterine device (IUD) also may increase your chances of spotting or heavy periods.
• Irregular intake of birth control pills can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. Contraception by injections can lead to abnormal vaginal bleeding.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) causes inflammation or infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries, which can cause abnormal bleeding.

Other causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding may include:

• Uterine fibroids, which are a common cause of heavy periods.
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• Cancer of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, or vagina.
• Foreign body in genital tract can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.
• Other diseases, such as bleeding disorder , certain drugs intake , hormonal problems can also cause the abnormal vaginal bleeding.


Treatment:

It is important to evaluate for the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding. It may be due to some simple cause but may be due to serious problem that needs urgent treatment.

Treatment of abnormal vaginal bleeding depends on the cause of the bleeding. It may be non hormonal , hormonal  or the surgical treatment.